Edge allows to prevent Alt-F4. I guess other sane browsers have the same behavior. Power outage is an extremely rare condition (especially in a world of laptops) so I don't think that it's a problem worth solving. I didn't understand that part about Windows update, it never closed my browser.
I don’t have any data to support this, but I would think that, if anything, laptops would be much more susceptible to sudden, unexpected power loss than desktops, especially once the battery has some age and can’t keep up with peak power demands.