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A New Exoplanet and a Martian Helicopter (planetary.org)
50 points by uncertainquark on April 20, 2020 | hide | past | favorite | 10 comments


This is a list of articles—probably a good one, but HN is itself a list of articles. A pointer to a pointer to a pointer is too much indirection.

Submissions that are lists usually give rise to threads that are about the lowest common denominator of the list elements [1]. Generic discussion isn't as interesting as specific discussion [2]. It's better to pick the most interesting item from the list and submit that.

Since the helicopter is getting the most discussion, I was going to change the URL to the helicopter story, but it turns out to already have had a thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22843691.

[1] https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...

[2] https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...


About the new planet: I read on another site that "Astronomers had written software — called Robovetter — that could go through that data and identify potential planets. However, there was always the possibility the algorithm could miss the data, so a team of roughly a dozen astronomers are going manually through rejected data. And that's how they found Kepler-1649c." https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/earth-sized-exoplanet-hab...


Excerpt:

"Scientists have discovered a new Earth-sized planet in a star’s habitable zone—the region where liquid water could exist on its surface. The discovery was made using data from the now-retired Kepler Space Telescope. Out of all the exoplanets found by Kepler,

this new world—located 300 light-years from Earth—is most similar to Earth in size and estimated temperature."


Video from JPL of a test of the helicopter: https://vimeo.com/326662931


A helicopter on Mars is a challenge due to the low air density: https://youtu.be/GhsZUZmJvaM


I've seen some proposals for little drones on landings on other planets / moons and I always wonder about the air density + potential for it often being too windy to fly.

Of course I say this coming from my perspective of flying a cheap $100 drone here on earth.


Windiness isn’t that big of a problem, usually, in part because the air is so thin.

Other than the Earth, there are only 3 places (other than the gas giants, where landing is literally impossible but dynamic soaring and balloons are feasible) where you can fly a drone: Venus, Mars, and Titan.

Mars and Titan are further away from the Sun so the atmosphere’s are not as energetic. Venus has crazy high altitude winds, but the wind shear isn’t necessarily too bad. Near the surface, it’s extremely hot (like a kiln glowing very dull red), so usual flight isn’t feasible but a metal balloon might be since the CO2 atmosphere is extremely dense, 2 order of magnitudes more dense than air & only an order of magnitude less dense than water. Higher altitudes are much cooler (like Earth sea level), although you do have to deal with acid droplets. Venus is the only place beyond Earth that there has been sustained flight. Two Soviet balloons.

Mars is super thin atmosphere but lower gravity. So travel is theoretically efficient if you can do wingborne flight, but there aren’t any landing strips and the landing and takeoff speeds are high. NASA did test the Helios aircraft at extremely high Earth altitudes (over 96,000 feet) which could in principle maintain near indefinite wingborne flight at Mars (especially with modern solar cells and Lithium batteries). A lightweight helicopter, though, solves the “no landing strip” problem.

Titan has both low gravity AND high density atmosphere, so flight is extremely easy. Winds are low. No sunlight to speak of, so it must be nuclear powered if you want very long duration, unlike the other two places. So NASA is sending a robotic multicopter there called DragonFly. Much heavier and more capable and longer range than the small Mars helicopter. https://youtu.be/xn3-0a19sC8 The model shown in that video is not to scale. It’s actually big enough to ride like a motorcycle.


Are you saying we could ride drones on Titan?


Easier than on Earth, at least aerodynamically and from a power standpoint


Somewhat relevant xckd what if about planes: https://what-if.xkcd.com/30/




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