Any instance is plausibly not xenophobia. Which ones are is hard to prove.
But in practice it is set up and carried out by people who often have some level of personal xenophobia. Thereby generating an institutional cover for personal feelings. The extent of this is impossible to verify. But certainly more than zero. And, anecdotally, likely far more than zero.
That the policies are not simply distributed in accordance with weak national financial controls is demonstrated by the fact that Patrick McKenzie (US citizen) has encountered these problems multiple times while trying to get Japanese banks to deal with US financial institutions. Japan does not doubt that the USA has strong national financial controls. But "foreigner wanting to deal with foreigners" still generates heightened scrutiny and sometimes real problems.
>Japan does not doubt that the USA has strong national financial controls.
US citizens have the opposite problem, FATCA, that makes overseas institutions allergic to doing business with them. I lived in Japan for four years and had absolutely zero problems with banking (including overseas fund transfers both inbound and outbound; getting credit cards; leasing a car), but I have a UK passport.
This seems more like following AML rules and not being interested in helping a working class person open an account because its not profitable. If you think retail banking is staffed by 'people who often have some level of personal' _racism_, just say so.
But in practice it is set up and carried out by people who often have some level of personal xenophobia. Thereby generating an institutional cover for personal feelings. The extent of this is impossible to verify. But certainly more than zero. And, anecdotally, likely far more than zero.
That the policies are not simply distributed in accordance with weak national financial controls is demonstrated by the fact that Patrick McKenzie (US citizen) has encountered these problems multiple times while trying to get Japanese banks to deal with US financial institutions. Japan does not doubt that the USA has strong national financial controls. But "foreigner wanting to deal with foreigners" still generates heightened scrutiny and sometimes real problems.